With the increasing effect of global warming, heatwaves are becoming more and more frequent and severe all over the globe. Such a long period of extremely hot weather can create serious health problems, mainly for vulnerable populations like older people, children, and those with already existing health conditions. Knowing how to safeguard yourself and your relatives during such a period of extreme hot weather can help you keep safe and healthy. In this article, you will read about what a heatwave is, the possible consequences for health, and the top eight ways to keep safe and sound during these unusual weather conditions.
What is a Heatwave?
A heatwave is defined as a prolonged period of extremely hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity. The exact definition differs by region, but usually involves temperatures much higher than historical averages for a particular area and time of year. Such extreme heat can last for a number of days or even weeks.
What Causes Heatwaves?
High-Pressure Systems:
These systems trap warm air in a region and don’t let it spread, leading to continued high temperatures.
Jet Stream Patterns:
Changes in the jet stream can create conditions that favour continued heat.
Urban Heat Island Effect:
Cities mostly appear to be warmer than rural areas due to the fact that concrete and asphalt absorb and retain heat.
Health Effects of Heatwaves:
The health effects of heatwaves can be severe and wide-ranging:
Heat Cramps:
Painful muscle spasms, mainly in the legs or abdomen, caused by excessive sweating and loss of essential minerals.
Heat Exhaustion:
Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headache. It needs immediate cooling and hydration.
Heatstroke:
A life-threatening condition where the body’s temperature regulation mechanism fails, resulting in a body temperature above 104°F (40°C). Symptoms include confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
Dehydration:
The repercussions of severe heat include the loss of a significant amount of fluids, causing dehydration, and ultimately affecting the functioning of various organs of the body.
Respiratory Problems:
The hot temperature can worsen people’s existing respiratory ailments like asthma and COPD.
Top 8 Ways to Safeguard Your Health During a Heatwave
1.Stay Hydrated:
Staying hydrated is one of the most important activities during a heatwave. Dehydration can set in quickly during extreme heat and lead to many serious health complications. Some tips to stay hydrated are:
Drink Ample Amount of Water:
Drink at least eight glasses daily and more if you are physically active or engaged in activities that make you sweat.
Avoid Alcohol and Caffeine:
Both increase the loss of water and cause dehydration.
Eat Hydrating Foods:
Fruits and vegetables with a high water content, such as cucumbers, watermelon, and oranges, contain a lot of water to contribute to hydration.
2. Dress Appropriately
Proper clothing can make quite a difference in the way your body handles the heat:
Wear Lightweight, Light-Colored Clothing:
Light-coloured fabrics reflect the sun’s rays while lightweight material allows the sweat to evaporate and cools the body.
Wear a Hat and Sunglasses:
Your head and eyes may get easily protected from direct sunlight, helping to avoid heat-related problems.
Use Sunscreen:
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen, with at least SPF 30 to apply on your skin for prevention from the harmful UV rays.
3. Stay Indoors During Peak Heat
The sun’s rays are strongest between 10 am to 4 pm, the most dangerous time to be outside:
If you must be outside, try to do your activities in the early morning or late evening when it’s cooler.
Plan Outdoor Activities Carefully:
If you must be outside, try to do your activities in the early morning or late evening when it’s cooler.
Use Fans and Air Conditioning:
Staying in air-conditioned places really reduces the risk of heat-related illnesses.
Create a Cool Environment:
Use curtains, blinds, or shades to keep sunlight out and keep your indoor space cool.
4. Cool Down Your Living Space
It is very important to keep your home cool in the period of the heat wave:
Use Fans and Air Conditioners:
Ensure that the air conditioners are well-maintained, and use fans to circulate air.
Shut Out the Sun:
Keep your windows and doors closed during the day’s hottest time and open them at night to let in some cool air.
Use Heat-Reflective Materials:
Apply window coverings and shades that reflect heat.
5. Monitor Vulnerable Individuals
Some populations are more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses:
Check on Elderly Relatives and Neighbors:
The elderly often have a reduced ability to regulate body temperature and may need assistance during heatwaves.
Keep a Close Eye on Children:
Make sure children stay hydrated and cool, and never leave them in a parked car, not even for a minute.
Support Those with Chronic Illnesses:
People with chronic conditions should follow their doctor’s advice and take extra measures to stay cool.
6. Be Aware of the Signs of Heat-Related Illness
Knowing the signs of heat-related illness can save lives:
Heat Cramps:
Look for painful muscle cramps and spasms, especially after heavy exercise.
Heat Exhaustion:
Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headache. Remove to a cooler place, rest, and rehydrate promptly.
Heatstroke:
This is life-threatening. Symptoms include high body temperature, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Call emergency services and cool the person down rapidly.
Cardiovascular Stress:
Heat can put extra stress on the heart and result in an increase in heart attacks and strokes.
7. Stay Informed
It is important to stay current with weather forecasts and heat advisories:
Use weather apps and alerts:
Set up notifications for extreme heat warnings.
Follow Local News:
Local media will report on heatwave conditions and provide recommendations for staying safe.
Government and Health Resources:
Use information from health departments and emergency services for support during heatwaves.
8. Plan Ahead
Preparing beforehand can help reduce the impact of a heatwave:
Develop an Emergency Kit:
Include water, cooling packs, fans, and any essential medications.
Identify Air Conditioned Cooling Centers:
Know the location of public places, such as libraries, shopping malls, and community centers, that have air conditioning.
Plan What to Do:
Decide beforehand how you will stay cool and hydrated, especially if power outages occur.
Conclusion:
Although heatwaves are a serious and increasing threat due to climate change, by taking precautions and being prepared, their impact on health can be mitigated. Proper hydration, appropriate dress, avoidance of the peak heat of the day, cooling your living space, monitoring those vulnerable to heat, recognition of signs of heat-related illness, staying informed, and having a heatwave plan of action will help protect you and your loved ones from the dangers posed by extreme heat. As temperatures continue to rise, these strategies will become even more critical to maintaining health and well-being. Stay safe and cool!